The types of dementia
The main types of dementia explained.
Dementia is an umbrella term for several different diseases of the brain. Each affects daily life differently, so our carers adapt their support to the type of dementia, not simply to the diagnosis.
Alzheimer's disease and memory loss.
The most common cause of dementia, accounting for around 60% of diagnoses in the UK (Dementia UK). A build-up of proteins damages brain cells, and memory for recent events usually fades first. Day to day, that means repeated questions, misplaced belongings and growing muddle over dates and appointments, while older memories often stay vivid. How our care adapts: consistent carers, steady routines and reminiscence work that reaches the long-held memories Alzheimer's touches last.
Vascular dementia after reduced blood flow.
The second most common type, accounting for around one in five dementia cases in the UK (Alzheimer's Research UK). It is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often after a stroke or a series of mini-strokes, so change tends to arrive in steps rather than gradually. Thinking speed, planning and concentration are usually affected before memory. How our care adapts: unhurried support with sequencing everyday tasks, close attention to blood-pressure and medication routines, and quick escalation if we notice a sudden change.
Dementia with Lewy bodies.
Accounting for 10 to 15% of dementia diagnoses (Dementia UK), this type causes alertness that fluctuates from hour to hour, visual hallucinations that can feel completely real, sleep disturbance and movement problems similar to Parkinson's. How our care adapts: carers who never argue with a hallucination but calmly reassure, extra vigilance around falls, and flexible visits that work with good hours and bad ones rather than a rigid clock.
Frontotemporal dementia and personality change.
A rarer form, affecting around one in 20 people with a dementia diagnosis (Dementia UK), and an important cause of dementia in younger people (NHS). It affects the front of the brain first, so personality, behaviour and language often change before memory does, which families can find especially hard. How our care adapts: carers briefed on which changes come from the disease and which belong to the person, structured days that reduce impulsive risks, and patient support with communication as words become harder to find.
Mixed dementia and overlapping symptoms.
Many people have more than one type at once, most often Alzheimer's disease alongside vascular dementia. At least 1 in 10 people diagnosed with dementia have mixed dementia (Alzheimer's Society). Symptoms blend, so no two days and no two people present in quite the same way. How our care adapts: a care plan built around the symptoms actually in front of us rather than a textbook label, reviewed regularly as the picture shifts.
Young-onset dementia before age 65.
When symptoms begin before the age of 65, as they do for more than 70,800 people in the UK (Alzheimer's Society). Younger people are often still working, driving or raising families when dementia arrives, so the practical and emotional disruption is different. How our care adapts: support that protects independence, work and family life for as long as possible, with carers matched for energy and interests as well as skills.
What causes dementia in the UK.
Approximate share of dementia diagnoses by type
Dementia with Lewy bodies10 to 15%
Frontotemporal dementia~1 in 20
Sources: Alzheimer's disease around 60% of diagnoses (Dementia UK, citing NICE); vascular dementia around one in five cases (Alzheimer's Research UK); dementia with Lewy bodies 10 to 15% of diagnoses and frontotemporal dementia around one in 20 (Dementia UK); mixed dementia at least 1 in 10 (Alzheimer's Society). Categories overlap, because many people have more than one type, so shares total more than 100%.